硫化橡膠體積、表面電阻率測試儀  準備工作：

1、取被測液體（如：增塑劑）試樣50ml。

2、試樣應在溫度23?2℃，相對濕度65?5%的條件下處理2小時以上。

硫化橡膠體積、表面電阻率測試儀  使用方法

1接好電源線

    確保電源為220VAC/50Hz

2接通電源

    將電流電阻量程置于104檔,電壓量程置于10V，然后開機。

3調零

    在“Rx”兩端開路的情況下,調零使電流表的顯示為0000 .注意：在“Rx”兩端不開路，如接在電阻箱或被測量物體上時調零后測量會產生很大的誤差。一般一次調零后在測試過程中不需再調零。 完畢后關機。

4連接線路

    接好測試線，將測試線將主機與屏蔽箱連接好，測體積電阻時測試按鈕撥到Rv邊，測表面電阻時測試按鈕撥到Rs邊。然后開機。

5選擇合適的測量電壓

    電壓選擇開關在后面板，注意，在測試過程中不要隨意改動測量電壓，可能因電壓的過高或電流過大損壞被測試器件或測試儀器;

6測試

    測量時從低檔位逐漸拔往高檔，每撥一次稍停留1～2秒以使觀察顯示數(shù)字， 當被測電阻大于儀器測量量程時，電阻表顯示“1”，此時應繼續(xù)將儀器撥到量程更高的位置，當測量儀器有顯示值時應停下，當前的數(shù)字乘以檔次即是被測電阻值。當有顯示數(shù)字時不要再往更高次檔撥，否測儀器會過量程，機內保護電路開始工作，儀器測量準確度會下降。

7測試完畢將電阻電流量程拔至“104”檔，電壓量程調至10V后關閉電源

    每測量一次均應將量程開關撥回到104“調零”檔的量程位置以免開機或測量端短路時而損壞儀器。6.8測量電流及1015Ω以上超高電阻的測量應用測量電流后用歐姆定律以電壓除以電流計算電阻的方法，詳見8.5節(jié)內容。

8體積電阻和表面電阻轉換

在測試過程中，使用屏蔽箱在進行體積電阻和表面電阻轉換時，必須把電源關閉后進行檔位轉換，否則會導致電壓沖擊到主機無法顯示或損壞。

Usage

1. Connect the power cord properly

Ensure that the power supply is 220VAC/50Hz

2. Connect the power supply

Set the current resistance range to 104 and the voltage range to 10V, and then turn on the device.

3 Zero Adjustment

In the case of an open circuit at both ends of "Rx", zero the ammeter to display 0000 Attention: If there is no open circuit at both ends of "Rx", there will be significant errors in measurement after zeroing when connected to a resistance box or the object being measured. Generally, after one zeroing, there is no need to zero again during the testing process. Shut down after completion.

4 Connection lines

Connect the test line and connect the host to the shielding box. When measuring volume resistance, turn the test button to the Rv side, and when measuring surface resistance, turn the test button to the Rs side. Then turn on the device.

5. Choose the appropriate measurement voltage

The voltage selection switch is located on the back panel. Please note that the measured voltage should not be changed arbitrarily during the testing process, as it may damage the tested device or instrument due to excessive voltage or current;

6 Tests

When measuring, gradually shift from low gear to high gear, pause for 1-2 seconds each time to observe the displayed number. When the measured resistance is greater than the measuring range of the instrument, the resistance meter displays "1". At this time, continue to move the instrument to a higher range position. When the measuring instrument displays a value, stop. The current number multiplied by the level is the measured resistance value. When there are displayed numbers, do not dial higher gears, otherwise the measuring instrument will exceed the range, the internal protection circuit will start working, and the measurement accuracy of the instrument will decrease.

After completing the test, set the resistance current range to "104" and adjust the voltage range to 10V, then turn off the power

The range switch should be turned back to the range position of 104 "zero" for each measurement to avoid damaging the instrument in case of power on or short circuit at the measuring end. 6.8 Measurement of current and measurement of ultra-high resistance above 1015Ω. The method of calculating resistance by dividing voltage by current using Ohm's law after measuring current is detailed in section 8.5.

Conversion between Volume Resistance and Surface Resistance

During the testing process, when using a shielding box to convert volume resistance and surface resistance, the power must be turned off before gear conversion, otherwise it may cause voltage shock to the host and result in inability to display or damage.

表面電阻率surface resistivity

 在絕緣材料的表面層里的直流電場強度與線電流密度之商，即單位面積內的表面電阻。面積的大

小是不重要的。

 注:表 面 電 阻 率 的S1單 位 是Q。實 際 上 有 時 也 用 “歐 每 平 方 單 位 ”來 表 示 。

技術指標

1.   電阻測量范圍：1?104Ω ～1?1018Ω，分為十個量程。

2.   電流測量范圍為2?10-4A～1?10-16A

3.   全數(shù)字液晶屏顯示。

4.   準確度:準確度優(yōu)于下表

量程有效顯示范圍20～30℃RH<80%

104 0.01~19.99 5%

105 0.01～19.99 5%

106 0.01～19.99 5%

107 0.01～19.99 5%

108 0.01～19.99 5%

109 0.01～19.99 5%

1010    0.01～19.99 5% 2字

1011     0.01～19.99 5% 2字

1012 0.01～19.99 5% 5字

1013 0.01～19.99 10% 5字

1014 0.01～19.99 10% 5字

1014以上0.01～19.99 10-15% 5字

超出有效顯示范圍時誤差有可能增加，測試電流準確度與電阻相同，測試電壓準確度為10%

5.使用環(huán)境:溫度-10℃～50℃ 相對濕度<90%。

6.測試電壓: DC10V、50V、100V、250V、500V、1000V。?10%

7.供電形式: AC 220V，50HZ，功耗約10W。

8.儀器尺寸: 300ｍｍ?280ｍｍ?150 mm。

9.質量:約3.0KG。

電極electrodes

電極是具有一定形狀、尺寸和結構的與被測試樣相接觸的導體。

注:絕緣電阻是加在與試樣相接觸的兩電極之間的直流電壓與通過兩電極的總電流之商 絕緣電阻取決于試樣的表面電阻和體積電阻(見GB/T 10064-2006)

 條件處理

試樣的處理條件取決于被試材料，這些條件應在材料規(guī)范中規(guī)定。

推薦按GB/T 10580一2003進行條件處理；由各種鹽溶液所產生的相對溫度在IEC 60260中給出。

可以采用機械蒸發(fā)系統(tǒng)。

體積電阻率和表面電阻率都對溫度變化特別敏感。這種變化是指數(shù)式的。因此必須在規(guī)定的條件下來測量試樣的體積電阻和表面電阻。由于水分被吸收到電介質內是相對緩慢的過程，因此測定溫度對體積電阻率的影響需要延長處理期。吸收水分后通常會降低體積電阻。有些試樣可能需要處理數(shù)月才能達到平衡。

Volume resistivity

Before testing, the sample should be made to have a stable dielectric state. To this end, short-circuit the measuring electrodes 1 and 3 of the sample using a measuring device (Figure la), gradually increase the sensitivity of the current measuring device to meet the requirements, and observe the changes in the short-circuit current. Continue this process until the short-circuit current reaches a relatively constant value, which should be less than the stable value of the electrification current or less than the current for 100 minutes of electrification. Due to the possibility of the short-circuit current changing direction, even if the current is zero, the short-circuit state must be maintained for the required time. When the short-circuit current Io becomes essentially constant (which may take several hours), record the value and direction of Io.

Then add the specified DC voltage well and start timing at the same time. Unless otherwise specified, measurements shall be taken at each of the following electrification times: 1 minute, 2 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 50 minutes, 100 minutes. If the same result is obtained from two consecutive measurements, the experiment can be terminated and this current value can be used to calculate the volume resistance. Record the electrification time when the same measurement result is observed. If a stable state cannot be reached within 100 minutes, record the functional relationship between volume resistance and electrification time.

As an acceptance test, according to relevant specifications, a fixed electrochemical time, such as the current value after 1 minute, is used to calculate the volume resistivity.

report

The report should include at least the following information:

a) Description and marking of materials (name, grade, color, manufacturer, etc.) for resistivity tester (resistivity tester);

b) The shape and size of the sample of the resistivity tester (resistivity tester);

c) The form, material, and size of electrodes and protective devices for resistivity testers (resistivity meters);

d) Processing of resistivity tester (resistivity tester) samples (cleaning, pre drying, processing time, humidity, and temperature), etc;

e) Test conditions for resistivity tester (resistivity tester) (sample temperature, relative humidity);

f) Measurement method of resistivity tester (resistivity measuring instrument);

g) Apply voltage to the resistivity tester;

h) Electrical resistivity tester (resistivity tester) body and resistivity (when needed);

Note 1: When a fixed electrification time is specified, indicate this time, provide individual values, and report the median as the volume resistivity.

Note 2: When testing after different electrification times, the following requirements should be reported:

When the sample reaches a stable state elbow within the same electrochemical time, provide individual values and report the median as the volume resistivity. If some samples cannot reach a stable state during this electrification time, report the number of samples that cannot reach a stable state and provide their results separately. When the test results depend on the electrification time, report the relationship between them, for example, in the form of a graph or provide the median volume resistivity after electrification for Imin, 10min, and 100min.

i) Surface resistivity (when needed):

Provide individual values with an electrochemical time of 1 minute and report the value as the surface resistivity.

測試步驟：

1、測試溫度23?2℃，相對濕度65?5%，無外界電磁場干擾環(huán)境中進行。

2、測試時對試樣所加電壓為100V~500V的直流電壓，選擇電壓檔次。

3、將試樣倒入高壓電極內，使液面剛好和環(huán)電極下緣全部接觸為止。

4、將充分放電后的試樣和電極，按固體（液體）體積及表面電阻率測試儀要求接線。

外電極（高壓電極）接高固體（液體）體積及表面電阻率測試儀的高壓輸出端。

內電極（測量電極）接固體（液體）體積及表面電阻率測試儀的測量端。

中電極（環(huán)電極）接固體（液體）體積及表面電阻率測試儀的接地端。

5、儀器預熱30分鐘，穩(wěn)定后調整儀器（調零），加上試驗1分鐘，讀取電阻指示值，然后放電1分鐘，再測試一次，以二次的算術平均值作為試驗樣品電阻指示值。

典型應用

1.硫化橡膠體積、表面電阻率測定

2.測量防靜電鞋、導電鞋的電阻值

3.測量防靜電材料的電阻及電阻率

4.測量計算機房用活動地板的系統(tǒng)電阻值

5.測量絕緣材料電阻(率)

6.光電二極管暗電流測量

7.物理,光學和材料研究

8.高分子材料表面體積電阻率測定

影響電阻率的外界因素

電阻率不僅與材料種類有關，而且還與溫度、壓力和磁場等外界因素有關。金屬材料在溫度不高時，ρ與溫度t(℃)的關系是ρt=ρ0(1 at)，式中ρt與ρ0分別是t℃和0℃時的電阻率;α是電阻率的溫度系數(shù)，與材料有關。錳銅的α約為1?10-1/℃(其數(shù)值極小)，用其制成的電阻器的電阻值在常溫范圍下隨溫度變化極小，適合于作標準電阻。已知材料的ρ值隨溫度而變化的規(guī)律后，可制成電阻式溫度計來測量溫度。半導體材料的α一般是負值且有較大的量值。制成的電阻式溫度計具有較高的靈敏度。有些金屬(如Nb和Pb)或它們的化合物，當溫度降到幾K或十幾K(絕對溫度)時，ρ突然減少到接近零，出現(xiàn)超導現(xiàn)象，超導材料有廣泛的應用前景。利用材料的ρ隨磁場或所受應力而改變的性質，可制成磁敏電阻或電阻應變片，分別被用來測量磁場或物體所受到的機械應力，在工程上獲得廣泛應用。

安全注意事項

1.使用前務必詳閱此說明書，并遵照指示步驟，依次操作。

2.請勿使用非原廠提供之附件，以免發(fā)生危險。

3.進行測試時，本儀器測量端高壓輸出端上有直流高壓輸出，嚴禁人體接觸 ，以免觸電。

4.為避免測試棒本身絕緣泄漏造成誤差，接儀器測量端輸入的測試棒應盡可 能懸空，不與外界物體相碰。

5.當被測物絕緣電阻值高，且測量出現(xiàn)指針不穩(wěn)現(xiàn)象時，可將儀器測量線屏 蔽端夾子接 上。 例如： 對電 纜測纜 芯與 纜殼的 絕緣 時，除 將被 測物兩 端分 別接于 輸入 端與高壓 端， 再將電 纜殼 ，芯之 間的 內層絕 緣物 接儀器 “G”，以消 除因 表面漏 電而 引起的測 量誤 差。也 可用 加屏蔽 盒的 方法， 即將 被測物 置于 金屬屏 蔽盒 內，接 上測 量線。

preparation:

1. Take 50ml of the tested liquid (such as plasticizer) sample.

2. The sample should be treated for more than 2 hours under the conditions of a temperature of 23?2℃and a relative humidity of 65?5%.

matters needing attention:

1. The measuring electrode must be placed on a highly insulated pad.

2. Before and after testing, the electrodes should be cleaned properly, especially the supporting parts of the three electrodes should not be contaminated by the sample

體積表面電阻率測試儀是一種用于測量材料絕緣性能的精密儀器，廣泛應用于多個行業(yè)，主要涉及對材料電絕緣性能有嚴格要求的領域。北京北廣精儀儀器設備有限公司聲場的體積表面電阻率測試儀主要用于以下主要適用行業(yè)及具體應用場景：

1. 電子與半導體行業(yè)

  應用：測試PCB基板、絕緣薄膜、封裝材料、半導體晶圓等的電阻率，確保其絕緣性能滿足電子元件防短路、防漏電的要求。

  案例：評估手機電路板在高濕度環(huán)境下的絕緣可靠性。

2. 電力與能源行業(yè)

應用：檢測電纜絕緣層、變壓器油、復合絕緣子等材料的電阻率，保障高壓設備的安全運行。

案例：高壓電纜出廠前的絕緣性能驗證。

3. 航空航天與汽車制造

   應用：評估飛機復合材料、汽車線束、電池隔膜等材料的電絕緣性，防止靜電積聚或電磁干擾。

   案例：新能源汽車電池組絕緣材料的質量控制。

4. 科研與新材料開發(fā)

   應用：研究石墨烯、納米涂層等新型材料的導電/絕緣特性，優(yōu)化材料配方。

   案例：柔性顯示技術中透明導電薄膜的研發(fā)測試。

5. 醫(yī)療設備與生物材料

   應用：檢測醫(yī)用塑料、導管、植入材料的絕緣性能，確保患者安全。

   案例：心臟起搏器絕緣外殼的生物兼容性測試。

6. 塑料與橡膠工業(yè)

   應用：質量控制環(huán)節(jié)中測量工程塑料、硅橡膠等材料的電阻率，用于防靜電包裝或絕緣部件生產。

   案例：防靜電托盤用于芯片運輸前的電阻率達標測試。

6. 軍事與國防

   應用：評估隱身涂層、雷達吸波材料等的電學性能。

7  案例：軍用無人機復合材料的電磁屏蔽效能測試。

8. 建材與家居行業(yè)

   應用：檢測地板、墻板的防靜電性能（如數(shù)據中心地板）或絕緣性能（如電工套管）。

   案例：潔凈室防靜電地板的驗收測試。

9.能源存儲（電池與電容器）

   應用：測量隔膜、電解質的電阻率，優(yōu)化鋰電池或超級電容器的性能。

   案例：鋰電隔膜孔隙率對離子傳導性的影響研究。

10. 質量控制與認證機構

   應用：作為第三方檢測工具，依據ISO/ASTM標準對材料進行認證（如UL認證、RoHS合規(guī)性）。

   案例：出口電子產品的絕緣安全認證測試。

 關鍵測試參數(shù)

體積電阻率（Ω?cm）：反映材料內部的絕緣性能。

表面電阻率（Ω/sq）：評估材料表面的導電/防靜電特性。

行業(yè)標準參考

測試常遵循國際標準如IEC 60093、ASTM D257、GB/T 1410等，確保數(shù)據可比性。

總之，該儀器是材料電學性能評估的核心設備，覆蓋從基礎研究到工業(yè)生產的全鏈條需求，尤其在需要高可靠性絕緣或可控導電性的場景中不可或缺。